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Purpose: To analyze the topographic distribution of neovascularization (NV) and capillary nonperfusion (CNP) using ultra?wide field fluorescein angiography (UWFFA) in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Methods: This was a prospective, single?center, observational study in which all patients who presented between March 2019 and December 2020 and satisfied the inclusion criteria were recruited. In our study, patients with treatment?naïve PDR without any fibrovascular proliferation underwent UWFFA. The images were analyzed qualitatively for the topographic distribution of NV and the CNP area was quantified. The number of lesions picked by UWFFA was compared with 7 standard field (7SF) image using overlay of 7SF. The main outcome measure was characteristics of neovascularization, such as the number, location, and area of CNP, measured using UWFFA, which was considered with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Two hundred and fifty?three eyes of 187 patients with a mean age of 56.03 ± 8 years were included. Mean neovascularization elsewhere (NVE) was 2.91 ± 3.43. Maximum NVEs were seen in the superotemporal (ST; 0.9 ± 1.13) quadrant, followed by the inferotemporal (IT; 0.7 ± 1.08), inferonasal (IN; 0.66 ± 1.02) and superonasal (SN; 0.66 ± 1.01) quadrants. Maximum CNP area was seen in the SN (13.75 ± 8.83 disc diameter square [DD2]) quadrant, followed by the IN (13.48 ± 8.59 DD2), IT (11.34 ± 8.37 DD2), and ST (11.3 ± 8.34 DD2) quadrants. Mean CNP area was maximum in patients with only neovascularization of disc (NVD; 64.99 ± 41.47 DD2), followed by both NVD and NVE (61.37 ± 35.61 DD2), and was minimum in patients with only NVE (36.44 ± 22.03 DD2). Eighty?one (32%) eyes out of 253 had NVE and 189 (75%) out of 253 had CNP area outside 7SF (overlay) of Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS). Conclusion: Diabetic NV lesions and CNP areas are distributed asymmetrically throughout the retina and are not restricted to the posterior pole. Compared to conventional 7SF imaging, UWFFA reveals significantly more retinal vascular pathology in patients with PDR.
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Background: Subarachnoid block has been used for intracavitary radiotherapy (ICRT) for carcinoma cervix, but the literature on the appropriate dose of local anesthetic required to achieve the desired effect is lacking. We compared two different intrathecal doses of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine (1.2 and 1.5 mL) for providing optimal surgical conditions and readiness to discharge in patients undergoing ICRT for carcinoma cervix. Materials and Methods: This prospective double?blind study was done in 80 patients undergoing ICRT. The patients were randomized into two groups (Groups I and II) to receive 1.2 and 1.5 mL of intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine, respectively, for ICRT. The level of sensory achieved, the patient satisfaction score, radiation oncologist score, time to L5 regression, and time to motor recovery (walking unaided) were assessed. Statistical Analysis Used: The data were analyzed using SPSS 20 for Windows (IBM, Chicago, IL, USA). Results: The time taken for the block to regress to L5 (Group I: 134.6 � 32.4 minutes vs. Group II: 143.2 � 43.0 minutes, P = 0.31) were comparable. However, the mean time for walking unaided (Group I: 220.87 � 47.12 minutes versus Group II: 247.00 � 49.83 minutes, P = 0.032) after the subarachnoid block was significantly less in Group I. The patient satisfaction with the procedure and overall satisfaction of the radiation oncologists regarding the operating condition were comparable in both the groups. Conclusions: Hence, a 1.2 mL dose of intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine for ICRT provides optimal surgical conditions with hemodynamic stability and ensures the early discharge of the patient.
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Purpose: The present study aims to determine the macular and choroidal optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) biomarkers in the assessment and monitoring of diabetic macular edema (DME) and diabetic macular ischemia (DMI) in patients with non?proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). Methods: In this cohort study, a total of 176 eyes of 110 patients with NPDR were investigated at our institute over a period of 10 months. Eyes were divided into four groups based on the severity of NPDR. Each eye was subjected to OCTA (Topcon 3D OCT?1 Maestro2) macula 6 × 6 mm2 en face. It features IMAGEnet 6 software for dynamic viewing of OCTA and imaging data. Four OCTA biomarkers for the macula were identified: foveal avascular zone area (FAZ area), foveal avascular zone contour irregularity (FAZ?CI), capillary dropout areas (CDA), and perifoveal intercapillary areas (PICA). The choroidal OCTA biomarker was the number of choroidal circulation flow voids (CCFV). For all analyses, P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Increase in FAZ area and number of CDA were statistically significant (p < 0.0001) with an increase in central foveal thickness, suggesting a correlation of ischemic changes with an increase in DME. FAZ?CI, enlarged PICA, and CCFV were significantly associated with more severe NPDR patients. Conclusion: A correlation between DME and DMI in a patient of NPDR and its progression can be evaluated in a single visit. A unique feature of our study is it revealed novel diagnostic biomarkers of OCTA for DMI and DME.
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Purpose: To study the effect of subthreshold micropulse yellow laser treatment on central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and to compare two laser protocols. As per our knowledge, there are no studies comparing the two protocols of subthreshold laser. Methods: Twenty-three patients with non-resolving CSC of at least three months duration were treated with subthreshold laser (577 nm). Ten patients were treated with 5% duty cycle (group A) and 13 patients with 10% duty cycle (group B). At one month, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), subretinal fluid (SRF), choroidal thickness (CT) and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) were evaluated. Results: In group A, BCVA improved from 0.508 ± 504 to 0.174 ± 0.171 (P = 0.0058), CMT improved from 349.8 ± 168.9 micrometers (mm) to 183.3 ± 70.312 mm (P = 0.0093) and SRF reduced from 202.4 ± 158.024 to 43.8 ± 46.599 mm (P = 0.0069). In group B, BCVA improved from 0.437 ± 0.426 to 0.289 ± 0.470 (P = 0.0026), CMT improved from 280.846 ± 72.668 to 196.769 ± 72.62 mm (P = 0.0002) and SRF reduced from 110.385 ± 57.687 mm to 52.538 ± 52.111 mm (P = 0.0064). No significant difference was found in BCVA and CMT between the groups (P = 0.8716 and P = 0.8523, respectively). CSC completely resolved in 50% of cases in group A and in 69.2% of cases in group B. This difference was not statistically significant (0.423); however, the odds ratio of resolution was 2.25 times more with 10% duty cycle. No change was observed on fundus autofluorescence (FAF) following laser. Conclusion: Subthreshold micropulse laser can lead to resolution of SRF in 60.87% of cases (groups A and B combined). Ten per cent duty cycle had higher odds of resolution without causing any RPE damage.
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Introduction : Depression is the leading cause of disease-related disability among women in the world today. Depression is a serious condition that can impact every area of women’s life. It affects social life, family relationships, career, and one’s sense of selfworth and purpose. To determine the prevalence andObjective: associated risk factors of depression among rural housewives aged 18–59 years. A community basedMethod: cross sectional study was carried out among 414 housewives in rural field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, Jhalawar Medical College, Jhalawar, Rajasthan. Participants were selected by simple random sampling technique. A pre designed semi structured proforma was used for collecting information on socio-demographic characteristics, medical history, family problems, personal history and obstetrical and gynecological history. Assessment of depression was done by using self-reported instrument Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) Out of 414 Housewives, 63 (15.2%) were found to have depression. WithResults: increasing education level, there was a declining trend toward depression. Significantly higher rates of depression were observed among housewives reporting any debilitating ailments in one or more family members (31.2%), some unusual events occurred in family in past (56.2%), presence of any addiction in family members (22.7%) and debt on family (58.8%). Marriage at early age, having first pregnancy at early age, more than two children, menstrual irregularities and suffering from unable to conceive or infertility were the biological factors significantly associated with depression. Prevalence of depression was highConclusion: among housewives in rural community. Many social and biological factors were contributing towards high rate of depression among housewives
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Acquired Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis is a rare and deadly syndrome resulting from an overactive immune system, with uncontrolled activation of macrophages and lymphocytes, hypercytokinemia, and systemic inflammatory response. A 75-year-old male presented with typical anginal pain and was diagnosed with the acute coronary syndrome, which required a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Instead of resolving the symptoms, the patient began to exhibit pyrexia and worsening altered sensorium with progressing renal failure, anemia, thrombocytopenia and respiratory failure. This constellation of symptoms caused the patient to require mechanical ventilation and hemodialysis. Upon laboratory analysis, hyperferritinemia provided an indication to the diagnosis of acquired hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. After the initiation of dexamethasone, the patient made a significant recovery and was discharged from the hospital.
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Humans , Male , Aged , Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic/complications , Hyperferritinemia/diagnosis , Dexamethasone/therapeutic use , Acute Coronary Syndrome/complications , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase DeficiencyABSTRACT
Background: There are still conflicting views regarding suitability of single layer and double layer anastomotic technique. This prospective single blinded randomized comparative study conducted at Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences to assess various aspects viz. safety, efficacy, duration of hospital stays and chances of perforation in single- and double-layer anastomotic surgery.Methods: 26 patients each in single layer and double layer anastomosis group were included in the study. Single layer intestinal anastomosis was carried using extramucosal technique with 2-0 vicryl suture (round body). Double layer anastomosis was carried out using interrupted 3-0 silk lembert sutures for the outer layer and a continuous 2-0 vicryl for the inner layer. End to end colocolic, end to end ileocolic, end to side ileocolic, end to end ileoileal, side to side ileoileal, end to end jejunoileal and end to end jejunojejunal anastomosis were performed. Each group was compared for anastomotic leak, time required to construct the anastomosis, cost incurred, and length of hospital stay.Results: Findings of the study indicated that single layer is economical in comparison to double layer anastomosis and took significant less time to operate. There was no significant difference in hospital stay of the patients in two groups. There was no anastomotic leak in group-S (single layer) while one (3.8%) patient in group-D (double layer) suffered from anastomotic leak.Conclusions: It was concluded that single layer anastomosis method is beneficial and safe as it required less operative time, suturing material and no leak took place after surgery.
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Background: NH affects nearly 60% of term and 80% of preterm neonates during first week of life. 6.1% of well term newborn have a serum bilirubin over 12.9 mg%. Serum bilirubin over 15 mg% is found in 3% of normal term newborns. Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia (NH) is a cause of concern for the parents as well as for the paediatricians. Aim of study to find out the association between various levels of cord serum albumin (CSA) and significant neonatal hyperbilirubinemia requiring interventions like phototherapy or exchange transfusion and whether it can be used as a risk indicator for subsequent development of significant jaundice.Methods: The present study was conducted on 150 randomly selected eligible term neonates delivered at Department of Pediatrics, Rajkiya Mahila Chikitsalaya, JLN Medical College and Associated Group of Hospitals, Ajmer, India.Results: Authors conducted a prospective study on 150sequentially born term babies. Cord blood was collected at birth and cord serum albumin estimation was done within 4-6 hours of collection of the blood. Cohort was grouped into Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3 based on CSA level ≤ 2.8g/dl, 2.9-3.3g/dl and ≥ 3.4 g/dl respectively. Knowledge of risk factors of NH in neonates could influence decision of early discharge vs. prolonged observation cord serum albumin level of ≤ 2.8g/dl has a correlation with incidence of significant hyperbilirubinemia in term newborns. So this ≤ 2.8g/dl of cord serum albumin level can be used as risk indicator to predict the development of significant hyperbilirubinemia. Whereas cord serum albumin level ≥3.4g/dl is considered safe.Conclusions: Term neonates with hyperbilirubinemia with a total serum bilirubin level ≥17 mg/dl had levels of cord serum albumin of ≤ 2.8 g/dl, and this can be used as a risk indicator to predict the development of NH.
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Background: As the prematurity is one of the important causes of neonatal mortality/ morbidity in a developing country like India. It is important to differentiate between preterm and term babies and timely refer them to higher centre. But it's difficult to assess the Gestation age (GA) in rural areas by existing methods like New Ballard score, and Antenatal ultrasound (due to lack of equipment and experienced person). So that shows the importance of the alternative, reliable, and easy to use method for identification of term, preterm and post-term babies. The present study carried out to find out the importance of Foot length in the assessment of GA.Methods: It is a hospital-based prospective observational study, 253 newborns were included in the study. The GA assessment was done by using New Ballard score. Foot length measured by using Digital sliding calliper and birth weight were recorded. Correlation of Fetal foot length with GA and birth weight was made by using appropriate statistical tests.Results: Among 253 neonates distribution of term, preterm, male and female were 65%, 35 %, 55%, 45% respectively. In this study positive Correlation between foot length and gestational age was found with the 'r' value of 0.77. The study also showed a correlation between foot length and weight with the 'r' value of 0.74.Conclusions: To conclude most of the newborn in our study have a good correlation of Foot length with gestational maturity and Birthweight. Derived equation from this study can be used as an alternative to New Ballard score in the estimation of gestational age in poor sources situations like in rural areas and also in emergencies by ASHAs (Accredited Social Health Activist) & Anganwadi workers.
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Background: Clavicle is a curved modified long bone placed horizontally at the root of neck. It transmits theweight of upper limb to the axial skeleton. The aim of this study is to determine position, number, and directionof nutrient foramen.Material method: The present study was conducted on 50 (25 right and 25 left) dried clavicles, in the departmentof Anatomy, Forensic medicine, Narayan Medical College, Jamuhar, Sasaram, Bihar.Result: The nutrient foramen was present in all the clavicles. One nutrient foramen was present in 70%, two in24% and three in 6% of clavicles. Predominant position of nutrient foramen was on the posterior surface(55.88%) and predominant location was in the middle one third (70.58%) of clavicles. Direction of all the nutrientforamina were towards the acromial end.Conclusion: The study of number, position, location and direction of nutrient foramina of clavicles are useful topreserve the arterial supply during surgical procedure like internal fixation and vascularised bone graft.KEY WORDS: Clavicle, nutrient foramen, foramen index, acromial end, sternal end, vascularised bone graft
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Petersdorf and Beeson defined pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) as a complaint with temperature surpassing 38.30 C, developing over a period of at least three weeks, with no possible opinion reached after one week of inpatient investigation. In the present study, an attempt has been made to find out the causes of PUO based on bone marrow morphology. The range of diseases causing PUO not only seems to be determined by geographical factors, but time also plays a vital role. Bone marrow examination plays an important role in early diagnosis of core cause for PUO and is the best tool for picking haematological and non-haematological disorders in any age group.METHODSAll patients presenting with classical PUO coming to Government Medical College, Jammu, fulfilling the criteria of Petersdorf RG et al whether inpatient or outpatient over a period of two years were included in this cross-sectional study.RESULTSOut of 76 patients, 48 were males and 28 were females. Age of patients varied from 12 years to 70 years. Majority of patients were in the age group of 30-44 years comprising of 45% of total cases. Anaemia was seen in nearly 50% of cases of PUO. Most common diagnosis was neoplastic changes, seen in 20% of patients, 16% cases show megaloblastic changes, iron deficiency was seen 10 % cases, reactive myeloid hyperplasia was seen in 18% cases, haemophagocytosis in 6% cases, 5% cases showed hypocellular marrow. Among infections, malaria was the commonest constituting 5.2% cases. Out of total of 15 cases of neoplastic changes in bone marrow, majority of them were acute myeloid leukaemia seen in 40% cases.CONCLUSIONSBone marrow examination is an important investigation of PUO in arriving at an etiological diagnosis. The most frequent causes of pyrexia of unknown origin observed in children were acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, megaloblastic anaemia and haemophagocytosis, whereas in adults, the main causes were malignancies, megaloblastic anaemia and reactive myeloid hyperplasia. This study sheds light on the current spectrum of diseases causing pyrexia of unknown origin in this region.
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Background: Hyperbilirubinemia is one of the common causes of neonatal admission. As clinical evaluation may cause a delay in identification and subsequent initiation of medical therapy, there is a need for the sensitive and inexpensive predictive marker for hyperbilirubinemia in neonates. Measurement of cord albumin and its correlation with the serum bilirubin is one of the noninvasive predictive markers for Hyperbilirubinemia. The present study carried out to know the significance of umbilical cord albumin level as a predictor of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.Methods: It is a hospital-based prospective cohort study, total 100 healthy term new-borns admitted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, were included in the study as per study protocol over a period of one year. The blood sample was collected from umbilical cord blood for the analysis of bilirubin and albumin, and post 72 hours of life venous blood obtained for estimation of serum bilirubin and albumin along with direct and indirect Coombs test.Results: In this study most of the patients were in the gestational age of 37-38 weeks (71%) followed by 38-40 weeks (27%) and only 1% are >40 weeks. A positive correlation was observed between cord blood bilirubin, serum bilirubin, serum albumin, and cord blood albumin levels. Cord blood albumin was a better marker for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia with a sensitivity of 83%, and a specificity of 48%; as compared to cord blood bilirubin with a sensitivity and specificity of 73% and 39% respectively.Conclusions: From this study, cord blood albumin level was demonstrated as a good predictive marker for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia with a sensitivity of 83.1%. and specificity 48.8%. Hence, cord blood albumin may be used as a non-invasive predictor for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
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Background:The objective of the study was to determine association of inadequacy of vitamin D level with low energy fractures of distal radius and its predictors in young patients in Karachi Pakistan. Methods:Cross-sectional study was conducted on 220 young patients, visited hospital with low energy fracture of distal radius.A questionnaire was designed and filled after taking consent includes details regarding age, gender, occupation, area of skin and sun exposure duration, dietary habits, type of clothing and residence used. Serum Vitamin D3 levels were determined and compared with serum calcium levels, serum phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase levels.Results:Among 220 patients ranging from 12-45 years, mean 28±23.33SD. Female were 172(78.18%). Mostly have history of fall 127(57.72%)and RTA 63(28.63). Sun exposure duration in majority of participant was 1-2 hour/day 132(60%). Variable coloured clothes used by majority participant 135(61.36%) and variable fabric 102(46.36%). 202(91.8%) patients had deficiency of vitamin D and correlated with duration of sunlight exposure significantly, also with exposure of large skin area, dietary consumption of vitamin D rich food and worn variable clothing colours. Serum phosphorus level and serum alkaline phosphatase level were negatively correlated with vitamin D significantly whereas positively correlated with serum calcium.Conclusions:Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is very high in low energy fracture of distal radius in young populationand sun exposure duration found to be most common predictor of inadequate D levels. A national food fortification program and campaign of public awareness to increase sunlight exposure and increase intake of vitamin D rich food are urgently needed.
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Background: The humerus has upper end, lower end and a cylindrical shaft. In absence of cranium, pelvis andlong bones of lower limbs, estimation of living stature can be assessed by long bones such as humerus, radiusand ulna. We can also find out the total length of humerus by its fragments. Morphometry of distal end ofhumerus is also important for determination of sex.Materials and methods: The present study was conducted on 60 dry humerus of unknown age and sex collectedfrom department of anatomy of Narayan Medical College and also from other medical colleges of Bihar. 6different parameters were taken from this study.Result: Total 60 humerus were included in this study, out of which 30 were right and 30 were left. Mean maximumlength of humerus were 307.58±8.46 mm. Mean transverse and vertical diameter of head of humerus were39.06±1.26 mm and 41.43±1.02 mm respectively. Mean distance between proximal & distal edge of olecranonfossa were 18.39±0.93 mm. Mean distance between distal edge of olecranon fossa & trochlea 15.00±0.82 mm.Mean distance between proximal edge of olecranon fossa & distal edge of trochlea were 33.39±1.32 mm.Conclusion: The knowledge of Morphometric segments of Humerus is important to establish the length of humerus,stature, age and sex of individual and it is important for anatomists, forensic experts, archeologists. It is alsohelpful for orthopaedic surgeons in proximal and distal fracture of humerus and its reconstructive surgery forvarious implants
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Background: Adequate nutrition is essential in early childhood to ensure healthy growth and development, proper organ functions and a strong immunity. Accurate assessment of nutritional status of children is a requisite in appropriate planning and effective implementation of nutrition interventions. The objective of this study is to assess nutritional status of children under five year of age in rural area and to identify the socio-demographic factors associated with under nutrition.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among children aged six months to five years in rural area of Jhalawar, Rajasthan. Nutritional status of the children was assessed by measurement of mid upper arm circumference and information like birth order of children, birth weight and number of siblings was collected using a pre-coded and semi structured questionnaire.Results: Moderate under-nutrition was present in 16.8% children. Under-nutrition was present among 9.9% male and 24.2% female children. 38.1% children with birth weight less than 2.5 kg were under-nourished. Proportion of under-nutrition was 27.7% among children with number of siblings more than 2 while it was only 11.1% among those with 2 or less number of siblings.Conclusions: Gender, number of siblings and birth weight of children were significantly associated with nutrition status of children.
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Global ecosystems and their constituent flora and fauna are experiencing a decline of biodiversity due to destruction of habitats, climate change, pollution, and invasive species. Of late, the number of species that have become critically endangered has increased extremely, and these species need to be protected from extinction in the wild. The conservation efforts should involve both in situ, and ex situ conservation and management of populations. Conservation physiology, an emerging multidisciplinary field, helps conservationists understand the physiological responses of endangered species due to the changes in the environment and thereby look for possible options of intervention to save them from extinction. This review summarizes various non-invasive hormone methods and endocrine studies involved in the conservation of endangered animals. The non-invasive hormone method has been successfully used in understanding basic reproductive biology, pregnancy diagnostics and welfare of a wide range of animals in captivity and in free-ranging habitats. This technique would directly or indirectly help in the conservation of endangered animals. This review also sheds light on non-invasive hormone monitoring in effective management and conservation of the endangered species.
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Background: The load of coronary artery disease is on therise worldwide, developing countries, Like India, are acceptinglifestyle alterations that predispose to cardiovascular disorders.The present study was conducted with the aim to determinethe role of carotid intima media thickness in predictingcardiovascular events.Materials and Methods: The present prospective study wasperformed in the Department of Cardiology, Dr. Ram ManoharLohia Hospital & PGIMER, New Delhi, India. A detailed historyof all the subjects including medical history, biochemicalevaluation and ECG was performed amongst all the patients.The thickness of internal carotid artery and common carotidartery were measured bilaterally. A total of 3 readings wereobtained and mean was calculated. All the data thus obtainedwas arranged in a tabulated form and analyzed using SPSSsoftware.Results: A total of 200 subjects were enrolled in the study, themean age of the subjects was 44.87+/-3.89 years. There were120 males and 80 females in the study. The mean thickness ofright common carotid amongst cases was 0.12 ± .0085 andamongst control was 0.05 ± 0.0095. There was a significantdifference between the two as the p value was less than 0.05.Conclusion: Association between intimal thickness andcoronary artery disease is significant. Atherosclerosis is evenlydistributed amongst vasculature and primarily responsible forheart diseases.
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Background: Febrile seizure (FS) is the most common type of childhood seizure disorder with a prevalence of 2-5% in children less than 5 years. Although the prognosis of febrile seizure is usually good, however, the possibility of recurrence keeps many parents and families in a state of anxiety and concerned, for years after the first seizure. Thus, intermittent prophylactic treatment might be advised in children with high risk of recurrence.Methods: The study was a prospective randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted at Department of Pediatrics, Umaid Hospital, Dr S N Medical College, Jodhpur on neurologically normal children aged from 6 months to 5 years with a history of simple febrile seizures and normal electroencephalogram without any evidence of acute central nervous system infection. Subjects were randomly prescribed oral clobazam according to weight of child and placebo when they developed a febrile disease during the first 48 h of the onset of fever.' Temperature reduction measures with paracetamol and tepid sponging were also advised. Patients were followed up for the frequency and time of febrile seizure recurrence, febrile episodes and side effects of drugs for 12 months.Results: Ten (3.8%) of 257 episodes in clobazam group and 38 (14.07%) episodes in placebo group had seizure recurrence (p value <0.001). The two groups were not significantly different in terms of side effects. (p >0.05).Conclusions: Intermittent oral clobazam therapy is a very effective measure in preventing recurrence of febrile seizures.
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Background: Newborn hearing screening is conducted to identify suspected hearing loss and not to confirm the presence/absence of hearing loss or define features of the loss. Speech and hearing are interrelated, i.e., a problem with one could mean a problem with the other as speech and language is acquired normally through auditory system.Methods: A descriptive study conducted in the Department of Paediatrics, Dr. S. N. Medical College, Jodhpur, from June 2016 to December 2017. 5000 neonates were screened using otoacoustic emissions (OAE) in 2 stages at birth during 3rd to 7th day and 15-30 days respectively, followed by BERA at 3 months of age.Results: 1.4 infants per thousand infants had hearing loss. Presence of high-risk factors was seen to be associated be associated with hearing loss more than normal infants on screening with distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) tests. However, on testing with BERA no such association was seen.Conclusions: 1.4 per 1000 infants had hearing loss. This study has shown that two stage distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) hearing screening followed by british educational research association '(BERA) to confirm the hearing deficit, can be successfully implemented as new born hearing screening method in a hospital set-up, for early detection of hearing impaired, on a large scale, to achieve the high-quality standard of screening programs in a resource limited and developing nation like India.
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Ossifying fibroma (OF) is considered a rare benign fibro-osseous lesion that occurs most commonly in female patients. It mainly involves the mandibular and maxillary bones, although in rare cases, it may develop within the nasal cavity. Here, we present a rare case report of OF of the nasal cavity in a 30-year-old female. OF is usually diagnosed by histopathological examination and treated by enucleation. However, larger lesions require radical resection